Hiện tượng tiêu chảy ở trẻ sơ sinh không hiếm gặp tuy nhiên các dấu hiệu của nó khó để nhận biết dẫn đến tình trạng khi mẹ phát hiện thì con đã bị tiêu chảy nặng rồi. Việc này có thể gây nguy hiểm nghiêm trọng đến sức khỏe của bé. Vậy làm cách nào biết được bé đi ngoài bình thường hay bất thường? Biện pháp chữa tiêu chảy ở trẻ ra sao?
Trẻ sơ sinh đi cầu như nào thì được coi là bình thường?
Trước hết mẹ cần phân biệt được khi nào bé đi ngoài bình thường và khi nào bất thường. Khác với việc bị táo bón rất dễ nhận biết, nếu không hiểu tình trạng của con thì rất dễ nhầm việc đi ngoài 3-4 lần/ngày của trẻ là tiêu chảy. Điều này chưa chắc đúng đâu mẹ nhé, vì các bé dưới 3 tháng tuổi vẫn có thể đi ngoài 2-5 lần mỗi ngày là hoàn toàn bình thường. Mẹ nên để ý một số điều sau để nắm chắc tình hình của con:
Sự khác biệt giữa phân của trẻ nuôi bằng sữa mẹ và sữa công thức
Phân của trẻ nuôi bằng sữa mẹ thường có màu vàng, cam hoặc xanh lục nhạt. Phân mềm, có ít hạt trắng. Bé bú sữa mẹ có thể đi ngoài tới 8-10 lần/ ngày hoặc 1-2 ngày không đi ngoài vẫn xem là bình thường nếu trẻ khỏe mạnh và tăng cân tốt.
Tùy thuộc vào loại sữa công thức, phân của trẻ có thể có màu xanh xám, vàng hay nâu. Phân thường là khối mềm, đặc hơn so với trẻ bú mẹ. Số lần đi ngoài cũng ít hơn có thể chỉ 1-2 lần/ngày, hoặc 1-2 ngày mới đi 1 một lần.
Số lần đi tiêu thay đổi theo tháng tuổi
Trẻ mới sinh từ 0-1 tháng tuổi thường đi ngoài từ 7-10 lần/ ngày.
Với bé từ 1-3 tháng tuổi số lần đi cầu trung bình 2-5 lần/ngày.
Trên 6 tháng tuổi trẻ có thể đi ngoài khoảng 1-2 lần.
Dấu hiệu trẻ sơ sinh bị tiêu chảy
Nhận biết tình trạng tiêu chảy càng sớm sẽ hạn chế tối đa việc sức khỏe con bị ảnh hưởng. Mẹ hãy để ý nếu ở trẻ xuất hiện những biểu hiện sau.
- Bé đi ngoài nhiều lần hơn bình thường của bé.
- Tình trạng phân khác lạ: có bọt, tóe nước lỏng bỏng hoặc chỉ toàn nước, thay đổi màu sắc, mùi tanh thối.
- Trường hợp trẻ sơ sinh bị tiêu chảy nặng do nhiễm trùng đường ruột thì phân có thể lẫn cả máu.
- Tùy theo tình trạng bệnh lý mà trẻ có những biểu hiện khó chịu kèm theo như: quấy khóc, bú kém, sốt hoặc không, nôn ói.
- Trẻ có thể bị mất nước rất nhanh, bạn cần để ý xem con có bị khô miệng, khô môi, mắt trũng, da nhăn… không để có biện pháp xử lý kịp thời.
>>> Cha mẹ cần cảnh giác với dấu hiệu đau bụng đi ngoài nhiều lần ở trẻ em
Xử lý thế nào khi con bị tiêu chảy?
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Căn cứ vào biểu hiện của con cùng thời gian phát hiện sớm, mẹ có thể xử lý tại nhà để theo dõi tình trạng của con, nhưng tuyệt đối không tự ý điều trị cho con uống thuốc tiêu hóa, thuốc cam… có thể làm tình hình tệ đi. Mẹ có thể thực hiện các cách sau:
- Đầu tiên mẹ cần cho bé bú nhiều hơn để bù lượng nước bị mất.
- Vệ sinh tay, dụng cụ cho trước khi cho bé bú và sau khi thay tã. Giữ tã mới sạch để ngăn sự lây nhiễm.
- Mẹ nên theo dõi tình trạng đi ngoài của con để nắm chắc tình hình.
- Có thể cho trẻ uống thêm 50-100ml nước Oresol sau mỗi lần đi ngoài.
Tuy nhiên bởi đây là bệnh có diễn biến rất nhanh gây mất nước trầm trọng nếu không kịp thời điều trị có thể gây suy thận, suy hô hấp dẫn tới tử vong nên trường hợp bệnh của bé chuyển nặng hơn, mẹ cần đưa bé ngay tới bác sĩ.
Tiêu chảy chuyển biến nguy hiểm
- Khi bé bị tiêu chảy kèm theo các triệu chứng sau thì mẹ hãy tìm sự giúp đỡ của bác sĩ.
- Nếu bé bị mất nước quá nhiều (môi khô, mắt trũng sâu, vật vã kích động, khóc không có nước mắt..)
- Nếu bé bị sốt.
- Đi ngoài phân có máu, nhầy hoặc màu đen hoặc mùi thối.
- Tình trạng tiêu chay kéo dài hơn 48 giờ.
- Nếu bé nhà bạn chưa được 3 tháng tuổi thì ngay khi bé bị nôn hoặc tiêu chảy bạn nên tham khám để đánh giá được chính xác tình trạng của bé sớm.
Lời khuyên của bác sĩ khi trẻ sơ sinh bị tiêu chảy
Thường thì bác sĩ không khuyên dùng thuốc cầm tiêu chảy cho bé. Mà thay vào đó, là dùng thuốc kháng sinh hoặc thuốc kháng ký sinh trùng phù hợp khi xác định được đúng nguyên nhân nào gây ra tình trạng tiêu chảy ở bé.
Bé có thể phải nhập viện để truyền dịch tĩnh mạch nếu bị tiêu chảy nặng mất nước nhiều.
Bác sĩ có thể khuyên mẹ cho bé uống thêm dịch bồi phụ nước điện giải (Oresol)
Nếu bé đang trong thời kì ăn thức ăn đặc và bị tiêu chảy, bác sĩ có thể khuyên mẹ nên tạm thời chuyển qua đồ ăn mềm dạng bột như chuối tao, ngũ cốc cho đến khi bé hết tiêu chảy.
Mẹ nên tránh ăn gì khi con bị tiêu chảy?
- Đồ ăn nhiều dầu mỡ.
- Sản phẩm từ sữa như sữa bò, phô mai…
- Đồ ngọt, thức uống có gas.
Qúa trình chăm sóc trẻ sơ sinh không hề đơn giản nên cha mẹ cần trang bị cho mình những kiến thức cơ bản khoa học. Nhất là những vấn đề liên quan đến hệ tiêu hóa như trẻ sơ sinh bị tiêu chảy, táo bón thì lúc đó mới giúp con chữa trị được kịp thời và chăm sóc bé đúng cách được.
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Bạn có biết danh sách giống mèo hiện nay chưa. Mèo là vật nuôi được nhiều người yêu dấu nhất hiện nay. Tuy nhiên người dùngcòn chưa có đủ học tập để phân biệt các giống mèo. Việc lựa chọn một giống mèo về làm thú nuôi không đơn thuần chỉ là mua và bán nếu bạn không quan tâm tính tình và lối sống của chúng thì chắc chắn rằng chúng sẽ bị bệnh ngay lập tức.
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